Computer Science 1

Word processing - Styles, TOC, Bibliography, APA7

Problem 1

In this section, you will learn how to edit text in Word text editor.

Word processing skills are practised by reproducing an article freely available on the Internet. Particular attention will be paid to the preparation of the table of contents and bibliography, and to the correct numbering of pages.

We follow the following rules:

• Text structure on each page: 3 cm top margin, 3 cm bottom margin, 2.5 cm margin on left, 2.5 cm margin on right, TNR 12 font size, 1.5 line spacing.
• Page numbers at bottom centre of page.
• Page numbering of the article begins with the table of contents and ends with the bibliography.
• All tables and figures should be numbered and titled, formatted in APA7 style.
• Format in-text citation and bibliography in APA7 format.

1. Search the internet for this article: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1258808/full

The source article

2. Launch the Word word processor. Create a new document. Save it as article_01.docx.

New document

3. Show nonprintable symbols in the Word document. Details here.

:::{.callout-tip title=“Nonprintable symbols”}

Microsoft Word was designed to hide all the formatting and technicalities (WYSIWYG). Early versions of Word had a Show All option but it was hidden away because Microsoft believed their software was so good, such a tool was not necessary. At some point commonsense prevailed and now Show All is on the Home tab, Paragraph section. Show all is the easy way to see all the underlying formatting to help you figure out what’s happening. Tabs, Section Breaks, Paragraph Marks even Spaces are all exposed by Show All.

As with most things in Word, you can use either a keyboard shortcut or the mouse to see the hidden formatting characters.

• Keyboard, hit Control+Shift+8Control+Shift+8.
• Mouse, simply click the Show/Hide button on the Home tab.

:::

4. Show the Ribbon in Word. Just press Ctrl+F1Ctrl+F1 from your keyboard to show / hide toolbar (ribbon). Details here.

Show Ribbon

5. Display the Ruler in a Word Document. To show the Ruler at the top and left-hand side in a Word Document, click on the View tab. Make sure that Print Layout is selected under Views section. In the Show section (second from the left), check the box next to Ruler. Details here.

Show Rulers

6. Show the Navigation Pane. To open the Navigation pane, press Ctrl+FCtrl+F, or select the View tab and choose Navigation Pane. In the Navigation pane, select the Headings tab.

Show Navigation pane - headings tab

7. Show the Styles pane. Details here.

Show Styles pane

Let this be your starting screen for all word processing tasks.

Starting screen before word processing

8. Any text editing process basically consists of 3 parts

   1. Typing the text
   2. Formatting the text
   3. Saving and printing the text

   Typing is now replaced by using the clipboard.
   Copy the title from the article into the word document with Ctrl+CCtrl+C and Ctrl+VCtrl+V. After pasting text Ctrl+VCtrl+V, press CtrlCtrl for paste options to appear and then press TT for pasting the text with “Keep text only” paste option. We need the text without formatting.

Copy the title

9. Let’s copy the names of the authors.

Copy the names of the authors

10. Copy the authors’ affiliation details.

Copy the authors’ affiliation details

11. Copy the abstract of the article.

Copy the abstract

12. Copy the full text of chapters 1 and 2. To be safe, select the entire document (Ctrl-ACtrl-A) and delete all formatting. Details here.

Copy the full text of chapters 1 and 2

13. Set the language to English. Select the entire document (Ctrl-ACtrl-A) and then set on the status bar to English.

Set language to English

14. We are now ready to “type” the text. Next comes the formatting. Formatting is done with styles. Details here. Modify the “Title” style as follows:

    • In the Style panel, right-click on the Title style and select Modify.

Modify Title style

Select font formatting options.

Select Font settings

Modify the “Title” style as follows:

• Font type: Times New Roman
• Font style: Bold
• Font size: 24 pt

Settings Fonts

Select paragraph formatting options.

Select Paragraph settings

Modify the “Title” style as follows:

• Text alignment: Centered
• Paragraph Spacing, Before: 36 pt
• Paragraph Spacing, After: 136 pt
• Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

Settings Paragraph

15. Apply the “Title” style to the title. Find the title in the text and place the text cursor anywhere in the title text.

Text cursor in title

Left-click the “Title” style in the Styles pane.

Apply the Title style

16. Create a new style “Author” for formatting authors. Left-click on the ‘New Style’ button in the bottom left corner of the Style pane. The style should be based on ‘Normal’.

Create ‘Author’ style

To access the font formatting and paragraph formatting options, use the ‘Formatting’ button, just as you would when changing the ‘Title’ style above. Use the following options:

• Font type: Times New Roman
• Font style: Regular
• Font size: 16 pt
• Text alignment: Centered
• Paragraph Spacing, Before: 12 pt
• Paragraph Spacing, After: 8 pt
• Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

17. Apply the “Author” style to the authors. Find the authors in the text and place the text cursor anywhere in the authors text. Left-click the “Author” style in the Styles pane.

Apply the ‘Author’ style

18. Let’s create a new style “Affiliation” for formatting the affiliation data. The style should be based on ‘Normal’. Use the same method you used to create the ‘Author’ style. Use the following options:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Regular
    • Font size: 12 pt
    • Text alignment: Centered
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: Single

19. Apply the “Affiliation” style to the affiliation lines. Modify the authors and affiliation information as shown in the image below:

    • delete the link format (if necessary)
    • delete the image icons (if necessary)
    • delete the asterisk
    • format the digits 1 and 2 as suffixes after the authors and before the affiliation (select superscript button).

Apply the ‘Affiliation’ style

20. Insert a page break (Ctrl+EnterCtrl+Enter) after the afiliation. Details here.

Insert a Page Break

21. Type ‘Abstract’ before the abstract.

Type ‘Abstract’ text

22. Create a new style ‘Abstract title’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the new style:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Bold
    • Font size: 14 pt
    • Text alignment: Left
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 12 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

Format ‘Abstract’ text

23. Create a new style ‘Abstract’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the new style:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Regular
    • Font size: 12 pt
    • Text alignment: Justified
    • Identation, Left: 1 cm
    • Identation, Right: 1 cm
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 8 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

Apply the ‘Abstract’ style

24. Insert a page break (Ctrl+EnterCtrl+Enter) after the abstract. Details here.

Insert a Page Break

25. Modify the style ‘Header 1’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the style ‘Heading 1’:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Bold
    • Font size: 18 pt
    • Font color: Automatic
    • Text alignment: Centered
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 24 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines
    • Line and Page Breaks: Page break before

Apply the ‘Heading 1’ style

Apply the ‘Heading 1’ style to all titles, these are:

- 1. Introduction
- 2. Materials and methods

26. Create a new style ‘My text’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the new style:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Regular
    • Font size: 12 pt
    • Text alignment: Justified
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 3 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

Apply the ‘My text’ style

Apply to all additional paragraphs except the titles:

Apply the ‘My text’ style again

27. Modify the style ‘Header 2’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the style ‘Heading 2’:

    • Font type: Times New Roman
    • Font style: Bold
    • Font size: 14 pt
    • Font color: Automatic
      
    • Text alignment: Left
    • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 24 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, After: 18 pt
    • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

Apply the ‘Heading 2’ style

28. Modify the style ‘Header 3’ and apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the style ‘Heading 3’:

Apply the ‘Heading 3’ style

- Font type: Times New Roman
- Font style: Bold
- Font size: 12 pt
- Font color: Automatic    
- Text alignment: Left
- Paragraph Spacing, Before: 24 pt
- Paragraph Spacing, After: 18 pt
- Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines     

29. Insert a table with 12 rows and 5 columns before ‘Figure 1’. Details here.

Insert a table 12x5

30. Fill the cells with content.

Fill the table

31. Merge cells in the table. Details here.

Merge cells in the table

32. Fill the merged cells with content.

Fill merged cells

33. Select the whole table. Details here.

Select the table

34. Select font ‘Times New Roman’ and size 12 pt. 

Setting fonts

35. Select cells and align them to the centre.

Centered cells

36. Select cells and format them in bold.

Bold headers

37. Adjust column width automatically, click AutoFit Contents. Details here.

Autofit Content

38. Align the table to the left.

Left align table

39. Delete the borders of the table.

No border

40. Set the border at the top and bottom of the table.

Top and bottom border

41. Select the second header row.

Select a row

42. Set the border at the bottom of the row.

Bottom border

43. Create 3 new styles ‘Table and Figure number’, ‘Table and Figure title’, and ‘Table and Figure comment’. Apply it to the corresponding text. Features of the new styles:

    • Table and Figure number

      • Font type: Times New Roman
      • Font style: Bold
      • Font size: 12 pt
      • Font color: Automatic
        
      • Text alignment: Left
      • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 24 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, After: 8 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines
        
      • Line and Page Breaks: Keep with next

    • Table and Figure title

      • Font type: Times New Roman
      • Font style: Italic
      • Font size: 12 pt
      • Font color: Automatic
        
      • Text alignment: Left
      • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 0 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, After: 12 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: 1.5 lines

    • Table and Figure comment

      • Font type: Times New Roman
      • Font style: Regular
      • Font size: 10 pt
      • Font color: Automatic
        
      • Text alignment: Justified
      • Paragraph Spacing, Before: 6 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, After: 24 pt
      • Paragraph Spacing, Line Spacing: Single

44. Format the table as shown in the picture, using the 3 styles above.

Titled and noted table

45. Format the image as shown in the picture, using the 3 styles above. Insert the image from the article and adjust the width to 9.85 cm.

Titled and noted figure

46. Let’s create a BibTex file, named article_01.bib, from the first 5 cited articles. (See the Problem 1 and Problem 2 from the Lab 07.) These are:

    • Pfattheicher et al., 2022
      • doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.021
    • Batson et al., 2011
      • https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203833995-6/four-forms-prosocial-motivation-daniel-batson-nadia-ahmad-stocks
    • Kahneman et al., 1986
      • https://www.jstor.org/stable/2352761
    • Engel, 2011
      • https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-011-9283-7
    • Cherry et al., 2002
      • DOI: 10.1257/00028280260344740

JabRef - article_01.bib

47. Save and Export your bib file as article_01.xml in ‘MS Office 2007’ format. Select File / Export / Export all Entries.

JabRef - Export article_01.bib as XML

48. Import article_01.xml into your Word document. Select References / Manage sources / Browse button. Copy all 5 items into Current List.

Import XML into Word

49. Replace text ‘(Pfattheicher et al., 2022)’ and ‘(Batson et al., 2011)’ in the chapter ‘1, Introduction’ with proper in-text citation. Select Insert Citation button from References / Citations & References pane.

Word - Insert citation

In-text citations

50. Replace text ‘(DG; Kahneman et al., 1986)’, ‘(Engel, 2011)’, and ‘(Cherry et al., 2002)’ in the chapter ‘1.1. Dictator game and donation behaviors’ with proper in-text citation. Select Insert Citation button from References / Citations & References pane.

In-text citations

51. Insert the Bibliograpy at the end of the document.

Insert the Bibliography

Geneterated Bibliography

52. Place the text cursor just before the title ‘1 Introduction’. Insert a Table of contents with References / Table of Contents button.

Insert the Table of Contents

53. Modify text ‘Contents’ to style ‘Heading 1’.

Format the text ‘Contents’

54. Place a Section Break after the Page break at the end of the abstract.

Insert a Section break

The new Section break

55. Double-click on page ‘Contets’ at the bottom of page. Turn off ‘Link to Previous’.

Enter the footer settings

56. Turn off ‘Link to Previous’ button.

Turn off Link to Previous in Footer

57. Insert Page number at bottom of page.

Setting Page number

58. Set the Page numbering to start at 1.

Setting Page number format

59. Save and send your article_01.docx to the abari.kurzus@gmail.com. The subject of this email is Lab10 - Problem 1.

Problem 2

In this section, you will learn how to apply your word-processing skills to produce a complete, publication-ready scientific paper.

1. Prepare a Word version of the following freely available article. The full article should appear in the Word document:

   • title
   • authors
   • affiliations
   • abstract
   • 1-4 chapters
   • all images and tables
   • bibliography (it is sufficient to refer to the first 7 articles in the text and include these 7 articles in the automatically generated bibliography )

2. Save and send your article_02.docx to the abari.kurzus@gmail.com. The subject of this email is Lab10 - Problem 2.